Art of printing.



G. R. CORNWALL.

ART OF PRINTING. APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1905. RENEWED JULY 12, 1913.

1,086,897, 7 Patented Feb. 10, 19 14.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

mlimtlonflod my ao. 1985, Serial No. 602,818. Renewed July 12, 1913. Serial No. 7 78384.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Gannon R. CORNWALL, a of the United States,- residing at Rye, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented new and useiul Improvements in the Art of Printing, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to the printing art and has for an object -to provide a surface and a composing device which will permit of the production of justified lines of printing from direct composition without any presiminary representation or calculation, as have heretofore been necessary in the art, and without distortion or change of relation of the characters in any word or group.

A further object of the invention is to produce a line unit capable of producing the result indicated.

These and other objects will in part "be obvious and will in part more fully appear from the following description.

The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and forming a part hereof, illustrate one embodiment othe invention, the same serving in connection with the description herein to explain the principles of the -in-' vention.

Of the drawin Figure 1 represents a surface of the c aracter contemplated by this invention; Fig. 2 is an edge View of such a surface; Fig. 3 shows a surface with a series of groups of characters impressed thereon; Fig. 4 shows such a surfiace with cuts thereiubetWeen the groups of characters; Fig. 5 represents such a surface w th a out or slit therein; Fig. 6 shows an elevation of a line bar having a character-receiving surface of the kind contemplated by this invemion; Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the line bar shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a de tail showing a modified form of holding means; end Fig. 9 shows the arrangement of "the characters upon the elastic surface.

This invention has in view, as'above mdiexited, the production of composed matter so that such matter will represent justified lines from direct composition without preliminary justification of an entire line, preliminary representation of any character, such as a dummy line, a perforated strip, etc, as'has been heretofore necessary in the art.

The invention contemplates the providing of a character receiving medium consisting of two layers one of said layers 'bei of elastic material and the other layer o zinelastic material and further contemplates the providing of'such material in such Ifml l asmay be best suited for the particular wolili to be done.

In certain aspects of the invention, it is contemplated to provide a material in line units, and in such :form as to give a, justified line with ease, certainty and celerity.

Other features of the invention are pointed out elsewhere herein.

In the drawings 'ihe character-receiving surface of the character-receiving medium is indicated by 1. The said member-'11 consists of any substantially inelastic material. such aspaper or metal, and also being cape .ble of receiving an impression from types orother imprinting means. The said surface may be of such nature also as to lend itself to some process of reproduction, as

by photography, contact transfer, 'ofiset printing, etc. The said member 1 in the present embodiment may be fastened to "the member 2 of the said character-receiving medium by any proper means such as glue, cement, etc. The member 2 consists of any suitable elastic medium, such as rubber. It is immaterial whether the character-receiving surface be the elastic or inelastic member, and-each form is shown :in'the drawings herewith. The members 1- and 2 together constitute the character-recciving-mcdmm 3.

Upon the character-receivmg surface '1 a series of characters maybe imprinted, such characters generally constituting composed matter and bein grouped into Words or syllables. A sur ace hearing such a series of grouped characters is shown in 3.

'In Fig. 4 is shown the character-receiving medium with cuts 4 madethroug-h the memher 1, while the member 2 is left intact. it is obvious that if tension be :applied to-one end of the medium while the other end remains stationary, that the elastic medium will elongate at those points where the inelastic material has been out through,'whil:e the inelastic material, by reason of its mature and of its being cut through at several points between the point where the medium 3 is stationary and t e point where tensionis applied, will move with the elastic material but without-'sufieringzany defommtion whatsoever. The line may thus be extended so as to be justified to the predetermined meastire, and the elongation of the line will take place entirely in the cuts 4, 2'. 6., be interverbal, thus accomplishing the desired result without distortion, or change of relation of the characters in any group.

In Fig. 5 of the drawings'a strip carrying aprinted line is shown wherein the inelastic material has been removed in the form of a slit or stri 5. This manner of severin has in View tile justification of the line y a lessening of the tension of the elastic member 2 as wellas by placing it under reater tension, and is adaptable to the justigcation of a line which is over measure as well as of a line which is under measure. In this latter case the member 2 is placed under a certain degree of tension before the member 1 is fastened thereto, and means for holding it thus under tension until such time as the slits or strips 5 areremov'ed are provided.

In Fig.9 the characters are shown carried on the elastic element 2. The inelastic element 1 maybe separated or slitted interverbally if desired.

The mounting of the character receiving medium upon a support is contemplated by some features of the invention, and by certain features thereof the providing of a support to form a line bar is also contemplated, and in Fig. 6 is shown such a line bar. The bar comprises a supporting member 6 which has fastening means 7 of any approved character at one end, such fastening means being designed to occupy. but little space in order that the characters upon the surface may occupy as nearly as possible the full length of the bar. Upon the other end of the bar are provided releasable fastening means of suitable character, such as the adjustable clamping member 8 having a jaw member 9 .which takes over and holds the member 3 firmly, as by pressing it against the structure of the supporting member 6. This may be done by means of a spring 10 or by means of a screw member 11, .or by any a other suitable means.

der a certaindegree of tension before themember '1 is fastened thereto and the characters of which the line is to consist are placed upon the member 1, eitherbefore or after it has been fastened to the member 2.

tract from its previous degree of tension in case the line is over measure, and where the llne is under measure it is put under greater tension in order to justify the line to the predetermined measure. Where the line is always composed short there is no need of placing the member 2 under tension befor the member 1 is attached thereto.

Froin all the foregoing it will be understoodthat a character-receiving medium has been rovided which is capable of giving a just' ed line of typographic characters without the use of a previously justified line of types, or where impressions are made letter by letter, without the usual preliminary representation means; that said surface may be of such nature as to admit of reproduction in different ways; that the extension or contraction of the surface takes place-in the interverbal spaces without any deformation whatever of the character-bearing portions of the said medium; that said medium is adaptable for use in a line bar or line unit; and that other features and advantages are realized.

While the embodiment of the invention herein shown and described provides for manipulation of the character-receiving medium 3 by hand to secure the justification, it will be understood that this may be done by suitable mechanism, and, the devices included in the invention may be of such par-- tification of theline, and the transfer of the justified line to another surface.

- As instancing a use to which the line bar may be put, it may be provided with an oifsetsurface and is then adapted to receive a line from metal types, impressed one at a time orv a plurality at a time, and by direct composition or otherwise, to justify same, and then to transfer it as justified to another metal surface which maybe prepared as a printing plate. The elastic layer may be of offset material if desired ascertain materials possessing the requisite properties are known, such as rubber by way of example. Other character-receiving surfaces may: be used, however, for instance a transfer surface or a lanographic surface,

or other suitable sur' ace, as the example given is illustrative only and not restrictive in character.

- The invention, in its broader aspects, is not limited to the particular constructions shown, nor to any particular constructions bywhich it has been or may be carried into eflect, as many changes may be made in the construction without departing from the main principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

What I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A composing device comprising in combination a character-receiving medium, said medium having two layers, one layer being of elastic material and the other of inelastic material, a support for said character-receiving medium, said parts being constructed and arranged so that the charactcr-receivin medium and the support are movable relatively to each other, and means for render-in the said medium and support immova le relatively to each other at a particular point.

2. A composing device comprisin in combination a character-receiving medium, said medium having twolayers, one layer being of elastic material and the other of inelastic material, and means for holding said elastic layer under tension.

3. The combination with a character receiving line strip, comprising an elastic layer and acontinuous inelastic layer of a member for supporting said line strip but the line strip being movable relatively thereto.

4. The combination with a character receiving line strip, comprising an elastic layer and an inelastic layer attached together throughout the line length of a supporting member for the line strip, the line strip and support being movable relatively to each other.

5. A unit of composition comprising a character receiving medium in the form'of a strip comprising a layer of elastic material and a layer of inelastic material, one of said layers carrying characters in word groups, said layers being arranged so that the elastic material may contract and expand only between words to vary the length ofa line of characters.

6. As a unit of composition a characterreceiving medium in the form of a strip comprisin a layer of elastic material and a layer o" inelastic material, said layer of inelastic material carrying upon, its surface a series of characters or groups of characters, and having cuts or slits extending through it between words or syllables, and means for holding the elastic layer under tension so as to vary the space between Words.

7. A composing device comprising in combination a character-receiving medium, said medium having two layers, one la er being of elastic material and the other 0 inelastic material, a gage, and means for holding said elastic layer under tension.

8. A line bar comprising a supporting member, an elastic membercarrying an inelastic member and means for holding said elastic member under tension- 9. A line bar comprising a supporting member, an elastic member carried thereby, an inelastic member carried by said elastic member said inelastic member having one or more cuts or slits therethrough, and means carried by said supporting member for holding the elastic member under tension.

10. A line bar comprising a supporting member, an elastic member carried thereby and means for holding said elastic member under tension.

11. A line bar comprising a supporting member, an elastic member carried thereby and means for holding said elastic member under tension, and a gage carried by said supporting member.

12. A line bar comprising a supporting member, an elastic member carried thereby and means for holding said elastic member under tension, and an adjustable gage carried by said supporting member.

13. A line bar comprising a supporting member, an elastic member carried thereby, an inelastic member carried by said elastic member and having on its surface a series of characters or groups of characters and having cuts or slits thelethrou h between certam characters or groups 0 characters and means carried by said supporting means for holding" said elastic member under a desired degree of tension to which it may be adjusted, for the purpose of justifying the said series of characters.

14. A composition unit having an offset surface for receiving an imprinted line and means for varying the interverbal distances without varying the space or distance occupied by the words to justify the line after it is printed.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE R. CORNWALL. Witnesses:

JOHN D. Moreen, CLARA Pnnms. 

